The correct answer is the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

Key Points

Comptroller and Auditor General:

• CAG is an independent authority under the Constitution of India.
• He is the head of the Indian Audit & Account Department and the chief Guardian of the Public purse.
• It is the institution through which the accountability of the government and other public authorities (all those who spend public funds) to Parliament and the State Legislatures and through them to the people is ensured.
• The Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India was created by the Constitution.

It is the  Public Accounts Committee that examines the annual audit reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), which are laid before the Parliament by the President.

• The CAG has to submit three audit reports to the President of India, which are:

1. Audit report on appropriation accounts,
2. Audit report on financial accounts, and
3. Audit report on public undertakings.

Additional Information

Finance Commission:

• The Finance Commission in India is constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. 
• The Finance Commission is a constitutional body that plays a crucial role in the fiscal federalism of India.
• Its primary function is to make recommendations regarding the distribution of financial resources between the central government and the state governments.
• The Finance Commission consists of a chairman and four other members who are appointed by the President.
• The members are typically experts in the fields of economics, finance, or public administration.
• The Commission is tasked with studying various aspects of fiscal matters and making recommendations on matters such as the sharing of taxes, grants-in-aid to states, and other financial arrangements.
• Neither the Prime Minister, Finance Minister, nor the Chief Economic Advisor directly constitute the Finance Commission under Article 280.
• However, the government, including the Prime Minister and the finance minister, has an important role in considering and implementing the recommendations made by the Finance Commission.

Attorney-General for India:

• Article 76 talks about the office of the Attorney General of India.
• The Attorney General of India is part of the Union Executive of India. The Attorney General is the highest law officer in India.
• The Attorney General is the chief legal advisor to the government of India.
• The Attorney General is not considered a government servant. 
• The remuneration of the Attorney General is determined by the President.
• Appointment: Appointed by the President on the advice of the government. 
• The tenure of the Attorney General is not fixed by the Constitution.
• The Attorney General holds office at the pleasure of the government. She/He can be removed by the President at any time.

Election Commission:

• The Election Commission is a permanent and independent body established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
• Article 324 of the Constitution provides that the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of the president of India, and the office of the vice-president of India shall be vested in the election commission.
• The Election Commission is functioning as a multi-member body consisting of three election commissioners.
• The chief election commissioner and the two other election commissioners have equal powers and receive equal salaries, allowances, and other perquisites, which are like those of a judge of the Supreme Court. 
• In case of a difference of opinion amongst the Chief Election Commissioner and/or two other election commissioners, the matter is decided by the Commission by the majority. 
• They hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
• They can resign at any time or can also be removed before the expiry of their term.

The correct answer is uniform civil code for the citizens.

Key Points

• Article 44 of the Indian Constitution falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy, containing guidelines for the central and state governments of India.
• It states: "The State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India".
• The directive principles, though they are non-justiciable rights of the people, are fundamental in the governance of the country.
• The uniform civil code aims to replace personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community in India with a common set of laws governing every citizen.
• The proposal has been a part of political debate and caused significant controversy due to the importance of religion in people's lives.

Additional Information

• The living wage for workers is mentioned under Article 43 of the Indian Constitution.
• Equal justice and free legal aid can be considered under Article 39A.
• Organization of agriculture does not directly refer to any specific Article in the Constitution but is a subject the government focuses on under different policies, schemes, and initiatives.

The Indian Constitution contains 448 articles (originally 395 articles were there). The Legislatures, Executive, Schedules, Parts of the Indian Constitution, Constitutional Bodies, Statutory Bodies, Fundamental Rights, and more are all included in each set of articles. Important Points

Article 156 of the Indian Constitution of 1949. Governor's term of office

• The Governor is appointed by the President and serves at his discretion.
• The Governor may quit his post by writing to the President under his hand.
• A Governor shall serve for a period of five years from the date he takes office.
• Provided, however, that a Governor shall continue to maintain office until his successor takes office, notwithstanding the expiry of his term.

Additional Information

• Article 162: According to Article 162, the State executive's powers extend to all topics over which the State has the capacity or authority to legislate/make laws, and are thus not limited to those matters over which the States have previously legislated.
• Article 160: In specific circumstances, the Governor's powers are discharged. In any scenario, the President may make such provisions as he sees proper for the discharge of the responsibilities of the Governor of a State.
• Article 148: India's Comptroller and Auditor General. The President shall appoint a Comptroller and Auditor General of India by warrant under his hand and seal, and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India shall only be removed from office in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Supreme Court Judge.

​Hence, article 156 of the Indian constitution is related to the term of office of Governor

The correct answer is a 300 AKey Points

Right to Property

• The property right was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44thAmendment Act, 1978. It is made a legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution.
• It is not an exclusive legal right offered to citizens. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Amendments for this purpose are made to article 19 and article 31 is deleted.
• It is ensured that the removal of property from the list of fundamental rights would not affect the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
• The 44thAmendment Act, 1978 inserted Article 300A in a new chapter IV of Part XII of the Constitution, thereby depriving the ‘right to property of its ‘fundamental right’ status.
• Article 300 A of the constitution of India says that a person shall not be deprived of his property save by the authority of the law.

The correct answer is Article 343.
Key Points

• Article 343 of the Indian Constitution declares Hindi as the official language of India.
• However, it also allows for the use of English as an official language until a resolution is passed by the Parliament to replace it with Hindi.
• Hindi is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
• The Constitution also recognizes the importance of preserving and promoting the rich linguistic and cultural diversity of the country.
• Apart from Hindi and English, many other languages are used for official purposes in different states and Union Territories of India.
• The Constitution also provides for the development of Hindi as a link language for the whole of India.

Additional Information

• Article 88
  • Article 88 of the Indian Constitution deals with the rights of the President to address either House of Parliament or both Houses assembled together.
  • It does not deal with the official language of India.
• Article 123
  • Article 123 of the Indian Constitution deals with the power of the President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament.
  • It does not deal with the official language of India.
• Article 301
  • Article 301 of the Indian Constitution deals with the freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout India.
  • It does not deal with the official language of India.

The correct answer is Article 167.

Key Points

• Article 167 of the Indian Constitution defines the duties of the Chief Minister.
• It is specified in the second schedule.
• A chief minister is understood to be "first among equals".
• A Chief Minister must be
  • Chief Minister must be a citizen of India.
  • Chief Minister should be a member of the state legislature.
  • If a person is elected chief minister who is not a member of the legislature, then he/she must take permission from the governor.
  • Chief Minister must be 25 years of age or more.

The correct answer is Article 78

Key Points

• The duty of the Prime Minister to furnish information to the President is enshrined in Article 78 of the Indian Constitution
• According to this article, it is the duty of the Prime Minister to:
  • Communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation.
  • Furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation as the President may call for.
  • Submit for the consideration of the Council of Ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a Minister but which has not been considered by the Council, if the President so requires.

Additional InformationArticle 52

• Article 52 of the Indian Constitution states that there shall be a President of India.
• The President is considered the Executive head of the country and all the Executive business of the country is carried out in the name of the President.
• The Executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or indirectly.
• The President is also the supreme commander of the Defense Forces of the Union.

Article 61

• Article 61 of the Indian Constitution provides the procedure for the impeachment of the President of India.
• The President can be impeached from office for “violation of the Constitution” and the impeachment can be initiated by either House of Parliament.

Article 75

• Article 75 of the Indian Constitution deals with the appointment of the Prime Minister and other Ministers.
• According to this article, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President and the other Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The Ministers hold office at the pleasure of the President.

The correct answer is six

Key PointsArticle 19 of the Indian Constitution provides 6 freedoms.

Following are the six fundamental freedom provided under Article 19 of the Constitution of India are:

• Freedom of speech and expression.
• Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
• Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India
• Freedom to form associations or co-operative societies.
• Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
• Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any trade, business or occupation.

The correct answer is Ireland.Key Points

• The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India were borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
• The constituent assembly took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to frame the constitution of India.
• The constitution of India was adopted by the constituent assembly on 26th November 1949.
• The constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950.
• India borrowed many features from different countries while preparing its constitution.
• Suspension of fundamental rights during emergencies was borrowed from the Weimar Republic of Germany.
• Amendment to the constitution is adopted from South Africa.
• The important features borrowed from the Republic of Ireland are:
  • Presidential election.
  • Nomination of the members to the Rajya sabha.
  • Directive principle of state policy.

Additional Information

• The framers of the constitution borrowed this idea from the Irish Constitution of 1937, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution.
• The Directive Principles of State Policy are mentioned in Part IV of the constitution from Articles 36 to 51.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as 'novel features' of the Indian Constitution.
• The Directive Principles along with the Fundamental Rights contain the philosophy of the constitution and are the soul of the Constitution.

The correct answer is the 3

Key Points

• Emergency Provisions of the Indian Constitution
• These provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the Constitution from Article 352 to 360.
• The Constitution of India has three types of emergencies:

1. National Emergency: This emergency is provided in Article 352 and the President of India can declare a national emergency when the security of India is threatened on the grounds of wars, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
2. State Emergency:
   • It is provided in Article 356 and popularly known as Presidents Rule.
   • It empowers the President to issue a proclamation if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be worked according to the provisions of the constitution.
3. Financial Emergency
   • It is provided in Article 360 and empowers the President to proclaim a financial emergency if he is not satisfied with a situation that has arisen and the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.

Important Points

• Things borrowed from the Government of India Act, 1935
  • Federal Scheme.
  • Office of Governor.
  • Judiciary.
  • Public Service Commissions.
  • Emergency Provisions.
  • Administrative Details.

Additional Information

Confusion Points

• The Emergency provisions are taken from GOI 1935 ACT
• The suspension of fundamental rights during the Emergency is taken from the Weimar Constitution of Germany.