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We Allow the best exam preparation for SSC, RAILWAY ,BANKING, OSSC COMBINED EXAM ,CT,BED,OTET, OSSTET,ASO,RI,AMIN, DECE(IGNOU)   In ଓଡ଼ିଆ Language…

1.How many spokes are there in the Ashoka Wheel of the Indian National Flag?

    1. ’18’
    2. ‘ 20’
    3. ‘ 22’
    4. ‘ 24’

Solution:
24
Key Points

  • The chakra, which features in the middle of the tricolour, has twenty-four spokes. It was adopted on July 22, 1947. 5. The wheel is called the Ashoka Chakra because it appears on a number of edicts of Ashoka, the most prominent among which is the Lion Capital of Ashoka

2.Which is India’s National Animal?

    1. ‘Lion’
    2. ‘ Elephant’
    3. ‘ Tiger’
    4. ‘ Bisor’
tiger
 
The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris is a striped animal. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes. The combination of grace, strength, agility and enormous power has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India.

3.Which is Odisha’s state National Animal?

    1. ‘Lion’
    2. ‘ Elephant’
    3. ‘ Tiger’
    4. ‘ Sambar Deer’
Sambar deer
 
State Animal: Sambar deer
The scientific name of Sambar Deer is Cervus. It is the largest Indian deer and bears the grandest horns.

4.Which of the following is India’s National Anthem?

    1. ‘ Jana Gana Mana’
    2. ‘ Vande Matharam’
    3. ‘ Sare Jahan Se Achcha’
    4. ‘ Jhanda Uncha Rahe Hamara ‘
Jana-gana-mana
 
The National Anthem of India Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.

5.Which of the following is Odisha’s State Anthem??

    1. ‘ Bande Utkala Janani’
    2. ‘ Vande Matharam’
    3. ‘ Utkal Santana’
    4. ‘ Matru Bhumi Matru Bhasa re ‘
Odisha’s state anthem is ‘Bande Utkala Janani‘. It was written by the famous Odia poet, Laxmikant Mohapatra and was declared as the state anthem in 2020

6.Who was the first Indian Governor General of free India

    1. ‘ Dr Rajendra Prasad’
    2. ‘ Rahas Bihari Ghosh’
    3. ‘ C. Rajagopalchari’
    4. ‘ Lord Mountbatten ‘
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
 
Louis Mountbatten, Earl Mountbatten of Burma became governor-general and oversaw the transition of British India to independence. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) became the only Indian and last governor-general after independence.

7.Which of the following is the State Emblem of Odisha?

    1. ‘ The wheels of Konark’
    2. ‘ The Konark Horse’
    3. ‘ The’ Ashok Pillar’
    4. ‘ The stupa of Dhauli ‘
Emblem of Odisha
 
Warrior and Horse statue from Konark Sun Temple

8.The present State Emblem of Odisha was adopted in the year?

    1. ‘ 1954’
    2. ‘ 1958’
    3. ‘ 1964’
    4. ‘ 1968 ‘
1964

9.The Constituent Assembly made to frame a Constitution for India had its first sitting on which of the following date??

    1. ‘ 9th December 1947’
    2. ‘ 9th December 1946’
    3. ‘ 11th November 1948’
    4. ‘ 26th November 1948’
The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament’s authority in India.

10.How many elected members were there from the provinces in the Constituent assembly? 

    1. ‘ 399’
    2. ‘ 292’
    3. ‘ 279’
    4. ‘ 392’
The total membership of the Constituent Assembly was 389 of which 292 were representatives of the provinces, 93 represented the princely states and four were from the chief commissioner provinces of Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, Coorg and British Baluchistan.

11.Thę number of members in the Constituent Assembly, after the partition of India was reduced to

    1. ‘ 299’
    2. ‘ 292’
    3. ‘ 279’
    4. ‘ 392’
However, as a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June, 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan and representatives of some Provinces ceased to be members of the Assembly. As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.

12.Who was the chairman of drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly ?

    1. ‘ Dr. B.N. Rau’
    2. ‘ Dr. Rajendra Prasad’
    3. ‘ Dr. S. Radhakrishnan’
    4. ‘ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’

The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to frame the Constitution of India. It was elected by the ‘Provincial Assembly’. Following India’s independence from British Government in 1947, its members served as the nation’s first Parliament.

An idea for a Constituent Assembly was proposed in 1934 by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy. It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935,The Indian National Congress held its session at Lucknow in April 1936 presided by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. The official demand for Constituent Assembly was raised and Government of India Act, 1935 was rejected as it imposed the Constitution which was against the will of the Indians. C. Rajagopalachari voiced the demand for a Constituent Assembly on 15 November 1939 based on adult franchise, and was accepted by the British in August 1940.

Who was the chairperson of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?
 
 
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
 
On 29 August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India. While deliberating upon the draft Constitution,

13.Who was the chairman of the committee Fundamental Rights and Minorities of Constituent Assembly?

    1. ‘ Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru ‘
    2. ‘ K.M! Munshi’
    3. ‘Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’
    4. ‘ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’

Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas – Vallabhbhai Patel. This committee had the following subcommittees: Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee – J. B. Kripalani.

14.The Constituent Assembly had how many days in total to frame the constitution of India ?

    1. ‘ 2 years 11 Months 18 Days ‘
    2. ‘ 2 years 9 Months 16 Days
    3. ‘1 year 10 Months 22 Days ‘
    4. ‘ 3 years 11 Months 18 Days’

26 January 1950: The ‘Constitution of India’ came in to force after 2 years, 11 months and 18 Days, at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million to finish.

15.Who among the following was designated as tho constitutional adviser to the Constituent Assembly of India?

    1. ‘ J.B. Kriplani’
    2. ‘K.M. Munshi’
    3. B N Rau

C

Sir B.N. Rau was appointed as the Constitutional Adviser on the establishment of the Constituent Assembly on July 1, 1946, which he accepted to serve on an honorary basis.

16. On which of the following date and year the Constitution of India was adopted?

    1.  29th November 1949
    2.  26th November 1949
    3. 26th January 1950

b

Constitution Day also known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’, is celebrated in our country on 26th November every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India. On 26th November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India, which came into effect from 26th January 1950.

17. Who suggested Preamble before the Drafting Committee of the Constitution?

    1. J.B. Kriplani
    2. Jawarharlal Nehru
    3. C. Rajagopalchari

b

Jawaharlal Nehru
 
Jawaharlal Nehru proposed the creation of the Preamble before the drafting committee of the Constitution and then it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly. It laid down the ideologies, fundamentals, and philosophy behind the Constitutional structure.

18. How many articles and schedules were there present in the original constitution of Indiá?

    1. 395 and 8
    2. 404 and 10

A

The Indian constitution is the world’s longest for a sovereign nation.At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the Constitution of Alabama—in the world.

The constitution has a preamble and 470 articles,which are grouped into 25 parts.With 12 schedules and five appendices,it has been amended 104 times; the latest amendment became effective on 25 January 2020.

19 The idea of the Preamble to the Constitution of India has been derived from which of the following constitution?

    1. British Constitution
    2. US Constitution
    3. Irish Constitution

B

Which country is the source of the Preamble introduced in the Constitution of India? The preamble of the Indian constitution is taken from the constitution of the USA

List of Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution:

Name of Countries

Borrowed Features of the Constitution

         Britain

 1. Parliamentary government

 2. Rule of Law

 3. Legislative procedure

 4. Single citizenship

 5. Cabinet system

 6. Prerogative writs

 7. Parliamentary privileges

 8. Bicameralism

         Ireland

 

 1. Directive Principles of State Policy

 2. Method of Election of the president

 3. Members nomination to the Rajya Sabha by the President

   United States of America

 1. Impeachment of the president

 2. Functions of president and vice-president

 3. Removal of Supreme Court and High court judges

 4. Fundamental Rights

 5. Judicial review

 6. Independence of judiciary

 7. The preamble of the constitution

  Canada

 

 1. Centrifugal form of federalism where the centre is stronger than the states.

 2. Residuary powers vest with the centre

 3. Centre appoints the Governors at the states

 4. Advisory jurisdiction of the supreme court

  Australia

 

 1. Concept of Concurrent list

 2. Article 108 i.e. Joint sitting of the two houses

 3. Freedom of trade and commerce

  USSR (Now Russia)

 

 1. Fundamental duties

 2. The ideals of justice (social, economic, and political),  expressed in the Preamble.

  France

 

 1. Concept of  “Republic”

 2. Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity(contained in the Preamble)

  Germany

 

 1. Fundamental Rights are suspended during Emergency

  South Africa

 

 1. Election of members of the Rajya Sabha

 2. Amendment of the Constitution

  Japan

 1. Concept of “procedure established by Law”

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20. Which of the following is incorrèct?

Features borrowed: Sources

    1. Cabinet system : British Constitution
    2.  Republic features French Constitution
    3. Concurrent Lists Australian Constitution
    4. Procedure of Amendment: German Constitution

D

List of Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution:

Name of Countries

Borrowed Features of the Constitution

         Britain

 1. Parliamentary government

 2. Rule of Law

 3. Legislative procedure

 4. Single citizenship

 5. Cabinet system

 6. Prerogative writs

 7. Parliamentary privileges

 8. Bicameralism

         Ireland

 

 1. Directive Principles of State Policy

 2. Method of Election of the president

 3. Members nomination to the Rajya Sabha by the President

   United States of America

 1. Impeachment of the president

 2. Functions of president and vice-president

 3. Removal of Supreme Court and High court judges

 4. Fundamental Rights

 5. Judicial review

 6. Independence of judiciary

 7. The preamble of the constitution

  Canada

 

 1. Centrifugal form of federalism where the centre is stronger than the states.

 2. Residuary powers vest with the centre

 3. Centre appoints the Governors at the states

 4. Advisory jurisdiction of the supreme court

  Australia

 

 1. Concept of Concurrent list

 2. Article 108 i.e. Joint sitting of the two houses

 3. Freedom of trade and commerce

  USSR (Now Russia)

 

 1. Fundamental duties

 2. The ideals of justice (social, economic, and political),  expressed in the Preamble.

  France

 

 1. Concept of  “Republic”

 2. Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity(contained in the Preamble)

  Germany

 

 1. Fundamental Rights are suspended during Emergency

  South Africa

 

 1. Election of members of the Rajya Sabha

 2. Amendment of the Constitution

  Japan

 1. Concept of “procedure established by Law”

21 How many Schedules are there in the Constitution of India at present?

    1. 8
    2. 10
    3. 12
    4. 14

C

The Indian constitution is the world’s longest for a sovereign nation.At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the Constitution of Alabama—in the world.

The constitution has a preamble and 470 articles,which are grouped into 25 parts.With 12 schedules and five appendices,it has been amended 104 times; the latest amendment became effective on 25 January 2020.

22 The Constitutional provisions related to Panchayata Raj are enumerated in which of tne schedules of the Constitution?

    1. Ninth
    2. Tenth
    3. Eleventh
    4. Twelth

D

The 73rd Amendment 1992 added a new Part IX to the constitution titled “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Article 243 to 243(O); and a new Eleventh Schedule covering 29 subjects within the functions of the Panchayats.

24.The key words of socialist and secular were added to the constitution of india under which following amendment act ?

    1.  Forty-Second Amendment Act 1976
    2. Forty-Fourth Amendment Act 1977 
    3. Twenty-Fourth Amendment Act 1971
    4. Fourteenth Amendment Act 1962

A

The 42nd Amendment changed the description of India from a “sovereign democratic republic” to a “sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic”, and also changed the words “unity of the nation” to “unity and integrity of the nation”.
Assented to: 18 December 1976

25. Which of the following is correct with regard.to the Preamble, of India?

    1.  We, the citizen of India…
    2.  We, the inhabitants of India.. 
    3. We, the people of India… 
    4. We, the members of the Constituent Assembly.

C

preamble of india
preamble of india

26 How many times the Preamble has been amended so far?

    1. Once
    2. Twice
    3. Thrice
    4. Never

A

The preamble has been amended only once so far. On 18 December 1976, during the Emergency in India, the Indira Gandhi government pushed through several changes in the Forty-second Amendment of the constitution.

27 The word “Federation’ is described in which part of the constitution ?

    1. First
    2. Second
    3. Fourth
    4. Not mention

D

The word ‘federal’ is not mentioned in the Indian Constitution, but the Article 1 (1) of the Constitution says- “India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of States.” Why do you think the word ‘union’ was preferred over ‘federal’ by the Constituent Assembly?

29. Which of the following Right to Freedom is not included in the Constitution ?
(a)  Freedom of Speech

(b) Freedom of Movement

(c) Freedom of forming political parties

(d) Freedom of Residence

C

Right to Freedom

The right to freedom guarantees freedom for citizens to live a life of dignity among other things. These are given in Articles 19, 20, 21A and 22 of the Indian Constitution. We shall take up the articles one by one in this section.

Below, we provide the associated articles of the Constitution under the right to freedom, important from the UPSC exam perspective.

Article Brief description 
Article 19Protection of 6 rights concerning the freedom of: 

 

  1. Speech and expression
  2. Assembly
  3. Association
  4. Movement
  5. Residence
  6. Profession
Article 20Protection with respect to conviction for offences
Article 21Right to life and personal liberty
Article 21ARight to elementary education
Article 22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

30. How many Rights to Freedom are there in the Constitution?

(a) Four 

(b) Six

(c) Eight

(d)Twelve

B

Right to Freedom

The right to freedom guarantees freedom for citizens to live a life of dignity among other things. These are given in Articles 19, 20, 21A and 22 of the Indian Constitution. We shall take up the articles one by one in this section.

Below, we provide the associated articles of the Constitution under the right to freedom, important from the UPSC exam perspective.

Article Brief description 
Article 19Protection of 6 rights concerning the freedom of: 

 

  1. Speech and expression
  2. Assembly
  3. Association
  4. Movement
  5. Residence
  6. Profession
Article 20Protection with respect to conviction for offences
Article 21Right to life and personal liberty
Article 21ARight to elementary education
Article 22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Fundamental rights in India are the rights guaranteed under Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Constitution of India. There are six fundamental rights (Article 12 – 35) recognised by the Indian constitution:

  • the right to equality (Articles 14-18),
  • the right to freedom (Articles 19-22),
  • the right against exploitation (Articles 23-24),
  • the right to freedom of religion (Articles 25-28),
  • cultural and educational rights (Articles 29-30), and
  • the right to constitutional remedies (Article 32 and 226).[1]

31. The Right to education was included in the constitution under which of the following articles of

(a)Article 21

(b)Article 21 ( A)

(c)Article 24

(d)Article 28

B

32. The provision of Preventive Detention is mentioned in which of the following articles?

 (a) Article 20

(b) Article 21

(c) Article 22

(d) Article 23

C

Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

33. Which of the following are Fundamental. Rights is also available to a foreigner on the soil of India?

 (a)  Equality of opportunity in the matter of public employment

 (b) Freedom of movement, residence and profession

 (c)   Protection from discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or sex.

 (d) Protection of life and personal liberty against action without authority of law.

D

Fundamental Right of protection of life and personal liberty against action without authority of law is available to foreigners on the soil on India. This fundamental right is enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution.

34. Prohibition of employment of children in a factory is mentioned in which of the following articles?

(a) Article 22

(b)Article 23

(c) Article 24

(d)Article 25

C

Article 24
 
Article 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed in work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.

34. Right to constitutional remedies is mentioned in ?

(a) Article 31

(b)Article 32

(c) Article 42

(d)Article 46

B

This right comes under article 32 for Supreme court an article 226 for the high court. It is known as the right to constitutional remedies. In this right, the Supreme court, as well as high court, is given the power to instill the fundamental rights.

36. Which of the following articles of the constitution of India grants cultural and educational rights to the minorities?

(a) Article 29 and 3 1

(b)Article 29 and 32

(c) Article 29 and 30

(d)Article 30 and 31

C

Cultural and Educational Rights

Fundamental Rights guarantee basic rights to the citizens of India. There are six fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution of India, and Articles 29 and 30 deals with the cultural and educational rights of Indian citizens. 

  1. This fundamental right intends to preserve the culture of minority groups in India.
  2. Indian society is a composite heterogeneous one and its diversity is one of its strengths.
  3. The Constitution guarantees these rights to minorities so that the diversity of this country is preserved and provides avenues for all groups including marginalized ones to protect, preserve, and propagate their culture.

Article 29 – Protection of Interests of Minorities

This article is intended to protect the interests of minority groups.

Article 29(1): This provides any section of the citizens residing in India having a distinct culture, language, or script, the right to conserve their culture, language and script. 

Article 29(2): The State shall not deny admission into educational institutes maintained by it or those that receive aid from it to any person based only on race, religion, caste, language, or any of them.

Aspirants can find a comprehensive List of Important Articles in the Constitution of India in the given link.

Article 30 – Right of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions

This right is given to minorities to form and govern their own educational institutions. Article 30 is also called the “Charter of Education Rights”.

Article 30(1): All religious and linguistic minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. (Read about Minority Protection in India in the linked article.)

Article 30(2): The State shall not, when granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.

39. Which article of the Indian constitution empowers parliament to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of the members of the armed forces, parliamentary forces, police forces and intelligence agencies?

    1. Article 31
    2. Article 33
    3. Article 34
    4. Article 35

B

Article 33
 
Article 33: It empowers the Parliament to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of the ‘Members of the Armed Forces’, paramilitary forces, police forces, intelligence agencies and analogous forces.

40.The constitution prohibits any form of  beggars in the country under ?

    1. Article 21
    2. Article 22
    3. Article 23
    4. Article 24

A

Thus, the Anti Beggary Laws can be called as the blatant invasion on the right to freedom of expression as provided under Article 19 (1) (a)[17] of the Constitution and also infringes the right to life and liberty of the begging population as guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution.

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41.The fundamental duties are enumerated in which part of the constitution ?

      a. Part III

     b.Part IV

     c. Part IV (A)

    d.Part VI

C

Part IV–A
 
The Fundamental Duties are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties set out in Part IV–A of the Constitution, concern individuals and the nation.
 

Particulars

Fundamental Duties

Covered

Part IV A, Article 51 –A

Borrowed from

USSR

Amendment

42nd Amendment 1976, introduced Article 51 A in the constitution

Recommended by

Swaran Singh Committee.

Numbers

Originally -10 duties Now -11 duties (added bye 86th Amendment ACT, 2002)

List of Fundamental Duties

  1. Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag & National Anthem
  2. Follow ideals of the freedom struggle
  3. Protect sovereignty & integrity of India
  4. Defend the country and render national services when called upon
  5. Sprit of common brotherhood
  6. Preserve composite culture
  7. Preserve natural environment
  8. Develop scientific temper
  9. Safeguard public property
  10. Strive for excellence
  11. Duty fo all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to school.

41.The promotion of cottage industries on an individual or co operation basis in rural areas is mentioned in which of the following article ?

      a.Article 40

       b.Article 43

        c.Article 44

        d.Article 46

B

Article 43 in The Constitution Of India 1949

42.Which of following is not a characteristic of presidential form of government ?

    a. president is not a part of the legislative and executive function

    b.it does not separate legislative and executive function

   c.president follow the principle of collective responsibility

  d.the tenure of the president depends on the legislature

A

The correct answer is President is not a part of the legislative body. In the Presidential form of Government, the President is the executive head. The President is not responsible to the legislature. It separates Legislative and Executive functions.

42.Which of the following Amendment Act to  the constitution is considered to be a mini Constitution? 

    a. 24th Amendment act.

    b. 28th Amendment act.

    c. 42nd Amendment act.

   d. 44th Amendment act.

C

The 42nd amendment, officially known as The Constitution (Forty-second amendment) Act, 1976, was enacted during the Emergency (25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977) by the Indian National Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi.
Assented to: 18 December 1976

43.Education is a subject found in which list ?

    a.Union list

   b.State list

  c. Concurrent list

  d.none

C

Concurrent List
 
Through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 Five subjects were transferred from State to Concurrent List. They are: Education.

44.Which of the following article describe India as a Union of states ?

    a.Article 1

    b. article 2

    c. Article 21

   d. Article 22

A

Article 1(1) describes that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. The Constitution of India declares India as a Union of States.A

45.A proclamation of Nation Emergency automatically suspend 

    a. All fundamental rights

     b. Right to freedom 

     c. Right to constitutional remedies

     d. No fundamental right

    

B

War or external aggression. According to Article 358, when a Proclamation of National Emergency is made, the six Fundamental Rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended.

46. How many members does the president nominate to rajya sabha ?

    a.10

   b.12

  c.22

  d.24

B

The Rajya Sabha should consist of not more than 250 members – 238 members representing the States and Union Territories, and 12 members nominated by the President

47.The deputy chairman of rajya sabha is elected by ?

    a.The president

   b. The vice president

   c. By the members of rajya sabha

  d. By the members of parliament in a joint sitting 

C

Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Residence14, Akbar Road, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Seat32, GF, Parliament House, Sansad Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, India
AppointerMembers of the Rajya Sabha
Term lengthSix years

48.The minimum age required to be member of the lower house of parliament is   ?

   a.30 years

  b.35 years

  c.21 years

 d.25 years

D

Eligibility criteria
Must not be less than 25 years of age. Must be a voter for any parliamentary constituency in India.
Constituting instrument: Article 81 of Constituti…
Seat: Parliament of India
Term length: 5 years; renewable

49.The budget in India is

 a.Annual

b.Biannual

c.Triennial

d. half yearly

A

When Indian budget is presented?
 
The Union Budget of India, also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India. The Government presents it on the first day of February so that it could be materialised before the beginning of new financial year in April.

50.The present strength of lok sabha ?

 a.545

 b.542

 c.543

 d.555

C

The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is 545. at present Out of 545 members, 543 members are elected by the Universal Adult Suffrage and 2 members of Anglo-Indian community are nominated by the President. Therefore, the correct answer is 545. 

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