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DECE2-Solution(CH-7)-IGNOU-DAY 22-ORSP
Contents
Chapters
Chapter-1 Introduction to Nutrition and Health
Unit 1 The Concept of Nutrition
Unit 2 The Concept of Health
Unit 3 Indicators of Health
Chapter-2 Basic Concepts in Nutrition
Unit 4 The Macronutrients-I: Carbohydrates And Water
Unit-5 The Macronutrients-II: Proteins and Fats
Unit-6 The Micronutrients-1 : Vitamins
Unit-7 The Micronutrients-II: Minerals
Unit-8 Planning Balanced Diets
Chapter-3 Nutrition and Health Care during Pregnancy and Lactation
Unit-9 Meal Planning for Pregnant and Lactating Women
Unit-10 Health Care during Pregnancy
Unit-11 Health Care during Intranatal and Postnatal Periods
Chapter-4 Nutrition and Health Care during Infancy and Early Childhood
Unit-12 Nutrition during Infancy
Unit-13 Nutrition during Early Childhood
Unit-14 Health Care of the Child
Chapter-5 Nutrition Related Disorders in Early Childhood
Unit-15 Major Deficiency Diseases – 1: PEM and Xerophthalmia
Unit-16 Major Deficiency Diseases – II: Anaemia and lodine Deficiency Disorders
Unit-17Other Nutritional Disorders
Chapter-6 Nutrition and Health Programmes
Unit-18 Major Nutrition Programme
Unit-19 Major Health Programme
Unit-20 Assessment of Nutritional Status
Chapter-7 Common Childhood Illnesses, Their Prevention and Management -1
Unit-21 Caring for the Sick Child I
Unit-22 Some Disorders of the Alimentary System
Unit-23 Some Disorders of the Respiratory System
Unit-24 Some Infections of the Mouth and Throat
Unit-25 Some Problems of the Eyes
Chapter-8 Commom Childhood illness,Their Prevention And Management
Unit-26 Common Diseases of the Skin
Unit-27 Common Problems of the Bars
Unit-28 Fevers
Unit-29 Lumps and Swellings
Unit-30 First Aid
DECE2-Solution(CH-7)-IGNOU-DAY 22-ORSP
CHAPTER-8
Common Childhood Illnesses, Their Prevention and Management – 2
Q1. Recognize symptoms of skin infectious
Q1। त्वचा के संक्रामक लक्षणों को पहचानें
Ans. skin lesion indicates that there may be some disease. It is important to know a
detailed history of the course of the skin lesion — how the lesion occurred, whether
there is itching or pain or loss of sensation on the lesion, the distribution of Iesions on
the skin, their size and colour – to identify the type of skin infection.
त्वचा का घाव यह बताता है कि कोई बीमारी हो सकती है। यह जानना महत्वपूर्ण है
त्वचा के घाव के पाठ्यक्रम का विस्तृत इतिहास – घाव कैसे हुआ, क्या
घाव पर खुजली या दर्द या सनसनी का नुकसान होता है, पर Iesions का वितरण
त्वचा, उनके आकार और रंग – त्वचा संक्रमण के प्रकार की पहचान करने के लिए। The following are the symptoms which will help you to identify the type of skin infection.
निम्नलिखित लक्षण हैं जो आपको त्वचा के प्रकार की पहचान करने में मदद करेंगे संक्रमण। 1) Itching on lesions(କ୍ଷତ). This is an important symptom in recognising skin lesions and
identifying the disease. Itching is very common in fungus, scabies and heat rash. In
measles and chicken-pox, it occurs at the later stages when the rash is receding. In
leprosy there is no itching, Eczema is characterised by intense itching.
1) घावों पर खुजली । त्वचा के घावों को पहचानने में यह एक महत्वपूर्ण लक्षण है
बीमारी की पहचान करना। फंगस, खुजली और हीट रैश में खुजली बहुत आम है। में
खसरा और चिकन-पॉक्स, यह बाद के चरणों में होता है, जब दाने निकलते हैं। में
कुष्ठ रोग खुजली नहीं है, एक्जिमा की विशेषता तीव्र खुजली है।
2) Wet or dry lesions:- Usually fungal infections and scabies are dry, while eczema
is wel and sticky
3) Distribution of lesions:- The part of the body on which the lesion apears helps to
identify the infection. Scabies, which is the commonest infection of the skin, causes
lesions between the fingers, in the armpits, wrists and buttocks. It rarely occurs on
the palms and soles, except in very young babies.
Herpes simplex or cold sores occur on the lips.
Measies starts on the hair line.
Chicken-pox starts on the body. 4) Size of the lesion. When there are many small lesions, it is called a ‘rash’. This
is seen in measles and heat rash. 5) Colour of lesion:– They may be red as in rash, or pale as in leprosy. In fungus.
the skin is pale and scaly.
6) Course of the lesion:- Infections like measles and chicken-pox are progressive.
That is, they start as fat lesions, and go through a particular sequence. In chicken-
pox the lesions become bigger and get filled with fluid, which then turn yellow
and finally go down, leaving a scar.
Q2. Recognize symptoms of malaria and know how to treat it
Ans. Malaria is a specific illness caused by a parasite called ‘plasmodium’. It spreads
from one person to the other through the mosquito. Different species of the parasite
are spread through different species of mosquitoes and cause different symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms: The following symptoms indicate malaria: 1) Fever: The fever iz usually high and is accompanied by headache and shivering.
The fever occurs at the same time and at regular intervals. This is because the life
cycle of the parasites, injected into the blood by the mosquito when it bites us, takes
a particular time.
(2) The parasites destroy the blood cells as they are growing. This is when shivering
occurs. Because the cells are destroyed, there is anaemia and even mild jaundice in
malaria. The spleen tries to clean up the destroyed cells and gets enlarged.
(3) Loss of appetite is commonly seen in malaria. This is because the parasite
produces toxins which make the child very ill. Often there is diarrhoea also.
(4) In one type of malaria, the brain is affected and the child has hyperpyrexia,
vomiting and fits. This may lead to death or to permanent brain damage. Treatment: Daily care of the sick child is necessary. Treat all the symptoms such as
fever, dehydration, vomiting etc. Give anti-malarial tablets as prescribed.
Prevention: There is no preventive vaccine for malaria. We have to prevent infection
by getting rid of the mosquitoes that spread the infection. In areas where it is
widespread, protect the children with a weekly dose of anti-malarial drug. The
environment has to be kept clean and free from stagnant fresh water where the
mosquito breeds. Q3. Explain to the parents how to recognize and manage fevers
Ans. Since fevers are only symptoms of infections or other illnesses, the cause of
fever i.e., the infection or the disease) determines how the fever shows itself (i.e.,
how it manifests). We shall describe here the major accompanying symptoms with
fever and the infections they indicate. Sometimes a symptom may be the major
illness, with the fever being incidental. For example, in bacillary dysentery, the
passing of blood and mucus in the stools is the major complaint, while the fever may
not be so uncomfortable. On the other hand, in illnesses like malaria, the fever with
shivering is the main cause of discomfort
Whatever be the cause of fever, there are certain basic rules that must be followed in
the management of fever. Of course, side by side, the underlying infection must be
treated (1) Intake of Fluids: Children lose a lot of water and salts when they have fever
because of increased sweating as well as rapid breathing. They must be given
plenty of fluids to drink to make up for this loss. Give the child fluids such as
water. light tea, milk or fruit juices. If there is vomiting and the child does not retain
the fluids she drinks, then the child has to be referred for intravenous drips. This can
be done at the PHC or medical centre. (2) Food: Children with fever should be given the normal amount of food. The food
should be cooked soft and be easily digestible. Even if an infant develops fever, the
mother should continue breast feeding the child. Food should be continued even if
child has diarrhoea. (3) Maintaining Hygiene: Children with fever have to be nursed carefully with
special attention to their eyes and mouth.
The eyes have to be cleaned with warm sterilized salt water three or four times a
day. The mouth may be dry and the lips crusted. Wash the mouth with salt water, or
with glycerin. In older children, the teeth have to be cleaned. (4) Clothes: The clothes covering the child have to be light and comfortable. A
child wrapped up in very warm clothes will have a rise of temperature. The room
ha.$ to be well ventilated, but not too draughty.
DECE2-Solution(CH-7)-IGNOU-DAY 22-ORSP
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