| Most Important Computer Questions | Computer Awareness | Selected 500 | ORSP |

(2) A central processing unit (CPU), also known as
processor, consists of two main components: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic
and logical operations and the Control Unit (CU), which
extracts instructions from memory and decodes and
executes them, calling on the ALU when
necessary.ALU is a fundamental building block of CPU

. (2) Booting is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer when it is turned on. To
boot a computer is to load an operating system into
the computer’s main memory or random access memory (RAM). Once the operating system is loaded, it is
ready for users to run applications.

. (1) In computer storage, direct access is the ability to
obtain data from a storage device by going directly to
where it is physically located on the device rather than
by having to sequentially look for the data at one physical location after another.Direct access is also called
random access, because it allows equally easy and
fast access to any randomly selected destination

(1) Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the processor or
CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main
memory (RAM). It is used to hold those parts of data
and program which are most frequently used by CPU.
The parts of data and programs are transferred from
disk to cache memory by operating system, from where
CPU can access them

. (3) Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is an instant interbank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones. The customer should have sufficient account balance to initiate a fund transfer through this
method. Unlike NEFT and RTGS, the service is available 24×7 throughout the year including bank holidays

(2) As per the latest data of International Telecommunications Union, China had the largest number of internet users in the world (721,434,547) as of 30 June,
2016. India comes second with 462,124,989 internet users.

. (2) MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System. It is a discontinued operating system for x86-
based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. It was the main operating system for IBM PC
compatible personal computers during the 1980s and
1990s

(3) The question has more than one option correct:
secondary storage is also known as auxiliary storage
or external storage.
USB (memory stick) Flash Drive is a secondary data
storage device that includes flash memory with an
integrated USB interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much
smaller than an optical disc. They are often used for
the same purposes, for which floppy disks or CDs
were used, i.e., for storage, data back-up and transfer of computer files.

. (2) Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), the
most common kind of Random Access Memory (RAM)
for Personal computers and workstations, has to be
refreshed many times per second in order to hold its
data contents. DRAM is dynamic in that, unlike static RAM (SRAM), it needs to have its storage cells refreshed or given a new electronic charge every few
milliseconds. DRAM stores each bit in a storage cell
consisting of a capacitor and a transistor. Capacitors
tend to lose their charge rather quickly thus, the need
for recharging.

. (1) URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator.
Commonly referred to as a web address, URL is a
reference to a web resource that specifies its location
on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.

. (3) Charles Babbage was considered to be the father
of computing after his invention and concept of the
Analytical Engine in 1837. Babbage is credited with
inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. He was an English
polymath.

(3) Primary storage, also known as main storage or
memory, is the area in a computer in which data is
stored for quick access by the computer’s processor.
The terms random access memory (RAM) and memory
are often as synonyms for primary or main storage.

. (4) In IBM PC compatible computers, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), is the de facto standard
defining a firmware interface. The name originated
from the Basic Input/Output System used in the CP/
M operating system in 1975

(4) The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. It refers to either 1024 (210) bytes or
1000 (103
) bytes, dependent upon context, in the fields
of computer science and information technology

(4) The most common image file formats, the most
important for cameras, printing, scanning, and internet use, are JPG, TIF, PNG, and GIF. In computing,
.mdb file-extension is used in certain versions of Microsoft Access databases

(1) Alternatively referred to as PC DOS, IBM DOS is a
text-based operating system similar to Microsoft’s
DOS, but only sold by IBM. DOS is a single-user,
single-tasking operating system with basic kernel
functions that are non-reentrant: only one program
at a time can use them and DOS itself has no functionality to allow more than one program to execute at
a time.

(2) Secondary storage, sometimes called auxiliary
storage, is all data storage that is not currently in a
computer's primary storage or memory. In a personal computer, secondary storage typically consists of
storage on the hard disk and on any removable media, if present, such as a CD or DVD, flash memory,
floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched
cards, standalone RAM disks, and Iomega Zip drives

(3) The kilobit is a multiple of the unit bit for digital
information or computer storage. The prefix kilo (symbol k) is defined in the International System of Units
(SI) as a multiplier of 103
(1 thousand), and therefore,
1 kilobit = 103 bits = 1000bits. However, computers
are binary or base 2, as in ones and zeros. So instead
of counting by tens, they count by 2s. So instead of
1,10,100,1000 it is 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256, 512,
1024

. (2) A personal computer (PC) is a digital computer
designed for use by only one person at a time. A
typical personal computer assemblage consists of a
central processing unit (CPU) two types of computer
memory and various input/output devices, including
a display screen, keyboard and mouse, modem, and
printer.

(1) Line Printer: prints a whole line of characters at a
time; Daisy Wheel Printer and Dot-Matrix printer: print
one character at a time; and Laser printer: prints one
page at a time. A daisy wheel printer is an example of
a character printer which prints one complete
character at a time

(1) Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like), within the web page content

(4) Mark Elliot Zuckerburg is an American computer
programmer and internet entrepreneur. He is best
known as one of five co-founders of the social
networking website Facebook.

(3) Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard
developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables,
connectors and communications protocols used in a
bus for connection, communication and power supply
between computers and electronic devices. USB was
designed to standardize the connection of computer
peripherals to personal computers, both to
communicate and to supply electric power

(3) Web pages are what make up the World Wide Web.
These documents are written in HTML (hypertext
markup language) and are translated by the Web
browser

. (2) Read Only Memory (ROM) is a class of storage
medium used in computers and other electronic
devices.
A hard disc drive is a data storage device.
ROM is a primary storage medium while all others
are secondary storage units.