DECE2-Solution(ENGLISH)-IGNOU-DAY 9-ORSP
DECE2-Solution(ENGLISH)-IGNOU-DAY 9-ORSP
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DECE2-Solution(ENGLISH)-IGNOU-DAY 9-ORSP
Contents
Chapters
Chapter-1 Introduction to Nutrition and Health
Unit 1 The Concept of Nutrition
Unit 2 The Concept of Health
Unit 3 Indicators of Health
Chapter-2 Basic Concepts in Nutrition
Unit 4 The Macronutrients-I: Carbohydrates And Water
Unit-5 The Macronutrients-II: Proteins and Fats
Unit-6 The Micronutrients-1 : Vitamins
Unit-7 The Micronutrients-II: Minerals
Unit-8 Planning Balanced Diets
Chapter-3 Nutrition and Health Care during Pregnancy and Lactation
Unit-9 Meal Planning for Pregnant and Lactating Women
Unit-10 Health Care during Pregnancy
Unit-11 Health Care during Intranatal and Postnatal Periods
Chapter-4 Nutrition and Health Care during Infancy and Early Childhood
Unit-12 Nutrition during Infancy
Unit-13 Nutrition during Early Childhood
Unit-14 Health Care of the Child
Chapter-5 Nutrition Related Disorders in Early Childhood
Unit-15 Major Deficiency Diseases – 1: PEM and Xerophthalmia
Unit-16 Major Deficiency Diseases – II: Anaemia and lodine Deficiency Disorders
Unit-17Other Nutritional Disorders
Chapter-6 Nutrition and Health Programmes
Unit-18 Major Nutrition Programme
Unit-19 Major Health Programme
Unit-20 Assessment of Nutritional Status
Chapter-7 Common Childhood Illnesses, Their Prevention and Management -1
Unit-21 Caring for the Sick Child I
Unit-22 Some Disorders of the Alimentary System
Unit-23 Some Disorders of the Respiratory System
Unit-24 Some Infections of the Mouth and Throat
Unit-25 Some Problems of the Eyes
Chapter-8 Commom Childhood illness,Their Prevention And Management
Unit-26 Common Diseases of the Skin
Unit-27 Common Problems of the Bars
Unit-28 Fevers
Unit-29 Lumps and Swellings
Unit-30 First Aid
DECE2-Solution(ENGLISH)-IGNOU-DAY 9-ORSP
Chapter-2
Basic Concepts in Nutrition
Q1. Describe the processes of digestion, absorption and utilization of food.(10 MARK)
Q5. Describe the processes of digestion, absorption and utilization of proteins and
fats in the body.
Q6. Differentiate between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
Q7. State the important functions of each vitamin in the body.(5 Mark)
Ans. Vitamin A
(1) Maintaining normal vision: Vitamin A plays an important role in maintaining
normal vision. To understand this better, we must first be familiar with the structure
of the eye. The retina has two kinds of cells – rods and cones. Both rods and cones
are sensitive to changes in light but they react differently and perform different
functions. While rods are sensitive to dim light, the cones respond to bright light.
Let us take a closer look at the rods. The rods contain a pigment called rhodopsin.
Rhodopsin is formed by the combination of a specific form of vitamin A with a
protein. The amazing thing about rhodopsin is that it breaks down into its
components when exposed to bright light. In the dark these components – vitamin A
and protein – again combine to regenerate rhodopsin.
(2) Supporting growth: Vitamin A is essential for the growth of the skeleton and soft
tissues. The exact role of the vitamin in the growth of the body is still not
understood. Research studies in this area have indicated that with the deficiency of
vitamin A in the body, bones do not grow to their full length and the overall growth
of the body is affected.
(3) Protecting against disease: Vitamin A plays an important role in keeping
epithelial tissues moist and healthy. Some examples of epithelial tissues are the skin,
the lining of our eyes and the lining of organs like the intestine and lungs. Without
vitamin A the epithelial tissue will become dry and cracks will appear in the skin or
inner walls of the digestive tract or lungs. This makes it easy for the germs to enter
and cause diseases like diarrhea, respiratory infections and eye infections. Various
research studies have supported this and shown that vitamin A plays a beneficial
role in preventing common illnesses in young children. When body levels of vitamin
A are low, the chances are more that the young child will develop, infectious
diseases. If these diseases are sufficiently severe they can even cause death.
Vitamin D: You might have heard that vitamin D makes bones strong and healthy.
This is absolutely correct. How does vitamin D help in this? Read on to find out.
Minerals like calcium and phosphorus, when deposited in the bones, make them
strong and hard.
The process of deposition of minerals in the bones is termed as mineralization of
bones. Vitamin D aids the process of mineralization in two ways:
(i) by increasing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and
(ii) by helping in the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones
Vitamin E: The main role of vitamin E in our body is the protection it gives to other
substances like certain fatty acids, vitamins A and C. It prevents their destruction in
the body as well as in foods.
Vitamin K: Have you ever observed what happens when you cut your finger? Your
finger, of course, starts bleeding, but after a while blood stops oozing out. Why? This
is because a clot is formed on the wound and seals it off. Vitamin K plays an
important role in clotting of blood and is therefore also termed as the “antibleeding
vitamin” (one which prevents uncontrolled bleeding). How does vitamin K help in
clotting of blood?
It helps in the formation of a protein called prothrombin which, in turn, is essential
for blood clotting.
DECE2-Solution(ENGLISH)-IGNOU-DAY 8-ORSP
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